Coffee

[ducks4you]

Back to gardening on this NON gardening thread...
"Earthworms are native to the United States, says Melissa McCormick, ecologist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, but the earthworms in some northern parts of the country (including Vermont) aren’t indigenous."

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/earthworm-native-united-states-more-questions-from-readers-180958094/#:~:text=No.%20Earthworms%20are%20native%20to%20the%20United%20States%2C,parts%20of%20the%20country%20%28including%20Vermont%29%20aren%E2%80%99t%20indigenous.

" Thousands of years ago, glaciers that covered North America and reached as far south as present-day Illinois, Indiana and Ohio wiped out native earthworms. Species from Europe and Asia, most likely introduced unintentionally in ship ballast or the roots of imported plants, have spread throughout North America."
I believe that this introduced species is NOT harmful.

 

[flowerbug]

...worms reintroduced after glaciers...
I believe that this introduced species is NOT harmful.

unfortunately this is not true. some plant species (i think the trillium is one of them) in northern woodlands are adapted to more leaf cover and putting worms back into those woods means those plants don't do as well.